dear yuan I tend to think allong the lines of conventional reality as being empty of permenantly or inherently existant phenomena , and ultimate reality (buddha nature tathagatagabha) as the only perminantly non changing phenomena .(therefore the only truely existant phenomena) a question for yuan , do you think that there exists cultural conditioning that prepairs an aspirant to understand principles like 'shunyata' ? (natural cultural conitioning that westerners lack , therefore making it harder for the westerner to grasp some principals ) (aloka , please make a seperate thread if you think it is preferable , thank you ) namaskars ratikala